Instructional Design
Three years into growing a simulation program, I realized that in addition to troubleshooting technology, setting up clinical environments and working with faculty that we were informally utilizing the principles of instructional design. The formality was implemented during curriculum committee meetings but on a daily basis we were conducting a rapids needs analysis that informed the educational experience. All this with a planned evaluation approach.
Enter the formality during the completion of my masters program and an introduction to the ADDIE model.
The ADDIE Model: Key Stages and Steps
1. Analysis
Identify the learning problem, audience, and goals.
Define learning objectives and desired outcomes.
Assess learners’ prior knowledge and skills.
Evaluate available resources (time, budget, tools).
2. Design
Develop a blueprint for the learning experience.
Write clear, measurable learning objectives.
Plan instructional strategies and content structure.
Design assessments to measure success.
Choose delivery methods (e.g., online, in-person, blended).
3. Development
Create and assemble the instructional content.
Develop lesson plans, multimedia, and materials.
Incorporate interactive elements like quizzes or simulations.
Pilot test the materials for usability and effectiveness.
Revise and refine based on feedback.
4. Implementation
Deliver the training or course to learners.
Provide learner support (e.g., access to materials, tech help).
Monitor engagement and participation during delivery.
Address any issues that arise in real-time.
5. Evaluation
Conduct formative evaluation during the design and development phases.
Perform summative evaluation after implementation to measure outcomes.
Collect feedback from learners and stakeholders.
Analyze results to determine if objectives were met.
Use insights to improve future iterations of the program.
While the ADDIE model is a popular framework for instructional design, it’s far from the only option. Other models, such as SAM (Successive Approximation Model), Backward Design, and Bloom’s Taxonomy, offer different approaches to creating effective learning experiences. Each model has its strengths, and the choice often depends on the project’s goals, timeline, and resources.
The key takeaway is that instructional design isn’t about rigidly following a single framework—it’s about selecting tools and methods that work best for your learners and objectives. Whether you blend elements from multiple models or adapt a framework to suit your needs, flexibility is essential. The most important thing is to stay focused on creating meaningful, engaging, and effective learning experiences.